Angel Jaramillo. Between 1989 and 2023, Islamic radicalism has been exacerbated. Four thinkers have offered different explanations for the causes of this phenomenon. Three dates are significant in understanding the Hamas attacks on Israel on October 7. First, Ayatollah Khomeini condemned Salman Rushdie on February 14, 1989. Second, the September 11, 2001 attacks on the … Continue reading Four Interpretations of Islamism